Mā wai e whakaatu ngā rauemi owharepaku ukuŌna painga me ōna ngoikoretanga
Ko te rauemi o te wharepaku uku he uku, he mea hanga ki te uku porcelain i tahuna ki te pāmahana teitei, ā, he paparanga kirikiri kei runga i te mata. He ataahua ngā painga, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ā, he roa te ora mahi. Ko te ngoikoretanga he ngāwari te pakaru i te wā e kawe ana.
He hangarau tino ma te porcelain wai paerewa o Amerikawharepaku kua horoiama nā te nui haere o te rere o te wai
Kāo, ko te take e horoi ma ai te hangarau horoi tino pai o te wai uku, nā te mea ko te rauemi uku ote wharepakuHe kaha te wai-aroha, ka taea te kukume i ngā ngota wai, ā, ka taea te rere o te wai ki waenganui i te mata uku me te paru. Nō reira, ko te kaha o te rere o te wai i ia horoinga ka taka te paru, ka ngāwari te horoi, ehara i te mea ka whakanui ake i te rere o te wai.
Ki tōku whakaaro, ko te horoinga o teWharepaku Paerewa AmerikaHe tino rawe. Ko te hangarau horoi uku wai a te American Standard e arotahi ana ki te mahi tango paru me te aukati i ngā paru wai. E ai ki te kupu whakataki a te kaihoko, he kaha te wai o te rauemi uku mō te wharepaku o tēnei hangarau. I te wā e horoia ana, ka uru te wai ki waenganui i te mata o te wharepaku me te paru, ka wetekina te paru, ka taka. Kua kite ahau i tā rātou whakaaturanga i te whakaaturanga, ā, kei te kitea tonu te pānga whakatairite.
4. He aha i hangaia ai te wharepaku ki te uku?
Nā te mea i hangaia te wharepaku taketake ki te rakau, engari kāore i te rawaka tōna pakeke, ā, he ngāwari ki te turuturu wai, ā, he uaua ki te hanga ki tētahi āhua. I roto i te wā, ka noho tonu ngā paru ki runga i te wharepaku, ka whakatupu huakita, ka horapa hoki ngā mate. I muri mai, i kī ētahi kia whakamahia ngā kōhatu me te mata hei hanga wharepaku, arā, te whakamahana i ngā kōhatu me te mata, kātahi ka hiritia ngā āputa ki te uku, te kapia, me te ware pi. Ka whakatauhia e tēnei momo wharepaku te raruraru o te turuturu, engari he tino uaua ki te hanga, ā, he tino uaua ki te whakamahi. Mēnā he nui te puehu, ka makariri te noho ki runga i te hotoke, ā, ka puta he maha ngā tūponotanga hauora. Whai muri i te taenga mai o te porcelain Hainamana ki Ūropi, ka whakatuwherahia he upoko hou ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau wharepaku. I te mōhio o ngā Pākehā ki te mahi toi o te hanga porcelain, ka whanake haere te porcelain mai i ōna taonga papai tuatahi ki ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga wharepaku. He pakari ngā wharepaku uku, ā, kāore he turuturu, kāore he huakita toenga, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ā, he roa te ora mahi, ka waiho hei pekepeke i roto i te hītori o te whanaketanga wharepaku. I te tau 1883, i hokohoko a Thomas? Turif i ngā wharepaku uku, ā, ko ia te mea tino whānui te whakamahi. Nā reira, he uku katoa ngā wharepaku ināianei.
A wharepakuMe whai pūkenga ki te whakaoti i ēnei mahi e toru: tuatahi, me waiho hei mīhini horoi; Tuarua, me ātete wai, me ma, me akuaku; Hei whakamutunga, me pakari. Nā te mea ka noho te tangata ki runga i te wharepaku, ko ētahi he taumaha. Ā, kua tutuki kē i te porcelain ngā hiahia e toru o runga ake nei. He tino uaua te hoahoa o te wharepaku, me ngā tāke wai, ngā takirere, ngā paipa waipuke, me ngā paipa paru – he tino ātaahua katoa ēnei, ā, he maha ngā tono hangarau uaua. Ko ngā wharepaku uku pērā i te karāhe he mea hanga ki te uku me te wai. Ko te tukanga hanga wharepaku ko te hanga pereki, te hanga pereki, me te whakakā porcelain. He tino māmā ēnei tukanga, ā, he iti te utu. I tētahi atu taha, ko te tukanga hanga kirihou hei mea he extrusion, he werohanga rānei. He nui rawa te utu mō te whakamahi kirihou hei hanga wharepaku he hanganga uaua. Koia te take e whakamahia ai te kirihou hei nohoanga i roto i ngā wharepaku: ko te whakamahi hei rauemi matua ka arahi ki ngā utu nui. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga ko te roa. Me noho puku tātou katoa ki runga i te wharepaku – ina noho puku tātou ki runga, he pai ake kia kaua e turuturu, kia kaua hoki e rehu tetahi mea. He tino pakari, he pakari hoki te pōrehana tino pakari. Kāore e taea te kī taurangi he kirihou tēnei. Mena he tangata kikokore koe, he tangata noa, kāore pea koe i te mārama hohonu ki tēnei kaupapa. Heoi, mō te tangata taumaha rawa, ki te taunga pakari rātou i ia wā ka whakamahi rātou i te wharepaku, ā,te wharepakuHe taonga pakari, ka taea te whakaaro ka piko haere ngā rauemi kirihou i raro i te pānga kaha kotahi, e rua rānei i te rā noa. He wheako kaiwhakamahi tino nui tēnei.
Me whai kaha te wharepaku ki te whakaoti i ēnei mahi e toru: tuatahi, me waiho hei mīhini horoi; Tuarua, me ātete wai, me ma, me akuaku; Hei whakamutunga, me pakari. Nā te mea ka noho te tangata ki runga i te wharepaku, ko ētahi he taumaha. Ā, kua tutuki kē i te porcelain ngā hiahia e toru o runga ake nei. He tino uaua te hoahoa o te wharepaku, me ngā tāke wai, ngā takirere, ngā paipa waipuke, me ngā paipa paru – he tino ātaahua katoa ēnei, ā, he maha ngā tono hangarau uaua. Ko ngā wharepaku uku pērā i te karāhe he mea hanga ki te uku me te wai. Ko te tukanga hanga wharepaku ko te hanga pereki, te hanga pereki, me te whakahinuhinu porcelain. He tino māmā ēnei tukanga, ā, he whai hua te utu. I tētahi atu taha, ko te tukanga hanga kirihou hei mea he extrusion, he werohanga rānei. He nui rawa te utu o te whakamahi kirihou hei hanga wharepaku he hanganga uaua. Koia te take e whakamahia ai te kirihou hei nohoanga i roto i ngā wharepaku: ko te whakamahi hei rauemi matua ka arahi ki ngā utu nui. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga ko te roa. Me noho puku tātou katoa ki runga i te wharepaku – ina noho puku tātou ki runga, he pai ake kia kaua e turuturu, kia kaua hoki e rehu tetahi mea. He tino pakari, he pakari hoki te pōrehana tino pakari. Kāore e taea te kī taurangi i tēnei kirihou. Mena he tangata kikokore, he tangata noa koe, kāore pea koe i te tino mārama ki tēnei kaupapa. Heoi, mō te tangata taumaha rawa, ki te tū pakari rātou i ia wā e whakamahi ana i te wharepaku, ā, he taonga pakari te wharepaku, ka taea te whakaaro ka piko haere ngā rauemi kirihou i raro i te kotahi, i te rua rānei o ngā pānga kaha i te rā noa. He wheako kaiwhakamahi tino nui tēnei.
Nā te mea i hangaia te wharepaku taketake ki te rakau, engari kāore i te rawaka tōna pakeke, ā, he ngāwari ki te turuturu wai, ā, he uaua ki te hanga kia rite ki tētahi āhua. I roto i te wā, ka noho tonu ngā paru ki runga i te wharepaku, ka whakatupu huakita, ka horapa hoki ngā mate. Nō muri mai, ka kī ētahi kia whakamahia ngā kōhatu me te mata hei hanga wharepaku, arā, te whakamahana i ngā kōhatu me te mata, kātahi ka hiritia ngā āputa ki te uku, te kapia, me te ware pi. Ko tēneimomo wharepakuKa whakatau i te raru o te turuturu, engari he tino uaua ki te hanga, ā, he tino uaua hoki ki te whakamahi. Mēnā he nui te puehu, ka makariri te noho ki runga i te takurua, ā, ka puta he maha ngā tūponotanga hauora. Whai muri i te taenga mai o te porcelain Hainamana ki Ūropi, ka whakatuwheratia he upoko hou ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau wharepaku. I te mōhio o ngā Pākehā ki te mahi hanga porcelain, ka whanake haere te porcelain mai i ōna taonga papai tuatahi ki ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga wharepaku. He pakari ngā wharepaku uku, ā, kāore he turuturu, kāore he huakita toenga, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ā, he roa te ora mahi, ka waiho hei pekepeke i roto i te hītori o te whanaketanga wharepaku. I te tau 1883, i hokohoko a Thomas? Turif i ngā wharepaku uku, ā, ko ia te mea tino whānui te whakamahi. Nō reira, kua hangaia ngā wharepaku katoa ki te uku. Nā Cai Hongling tēnei whakautu i tūtohu, he tohunga rongonui mō te whakarōpūtanga oranga hauora.
Nā te mea i hangaia te wharepaku taketake ki te rakau, engari kāore i te rawaka tōna pakeke, ā, he ngāwari ki te turuturu wai, ā, he uaua ki te hanga ki tētahi āhua. I roto i te wā, ka noho tonu ngā paru ki runga i te wharepaku, ka whakatupu huakita, ka horapa hoki ngā mate. I muri mai, i kī ētahi kia whakamahia ngā kōhatu me te mata hei hanga wharepaku, arā, te whakamahana i ngā kōhatu me te mata, kātahi ka hiritia ngā āputa ki te uku, te kapia, me te ware pi. Ka whakatauhia e tēnei momo wharepaku te raruraru o te turuturu, engari he tino uaua ki te hanga, ā, he tino uaua ki te whakamahi. Mēnā he nui te puehu, ka makariri te noho ki runga i te hotoke, ā, ka puta he maha ngā tūponotanga hauora. Whai muri i te taenga mai o te porcelain Hainamana ki Ūropi, ka whakatuwherahia he upoko hou ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau wharepaku. I te mōhio o ngā Pākehā ki te mahi toi o te hanga porcelain, ka whanake haere te porcelain mai i ōna taonga papai tuatahi ki ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga wharepaku. He pakari ngā wharepaku uku, ā, kāore he turuturu, kāore he huakita toenga, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ā, he roa te ora mahi, ka waiho hei pekepeke i roto i te hītori o te whanaketanga wharepaku. I te tau 1883, i hokohoko a Thomas? Turif i ngā wharepaku uku, ā, ko ia te mea tino whānui te whakamahi. Nā reira, he uku katoa ngā wharepaku ināianei.
